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DNA Protein Synthesis Transcription in nucleus process of making RNA using RNA Polymerase mRNA created RNAP2 tRNA created by RNAP3 rRNA created RNAP1 code in nucleolus leave to cytosol to create combine and create a ribosome two parts small subunits (of rRNA) large subunits (of rRNA) two indentations in ribosome P exposes codon first A spliceosome cuts out  introns unusable codes leaves only exons the usable codes additional code added to start and end of mRNA before leaving nucleus post-transcriptional modification Translation in cytosol at Ribosome mRNA brings sequence for translation tRNA Structured like a + sign At one side connects to Amino Acid Other Side is anticodon to match to a codon on mRNA anticodon bonds to mRNA codon Amino acids form covalent bonds at other side to neighboring Amino Acids on tRNAs already bound to mRNA rRNA serves as platform to expose codons one at a time for tRNA to attach to mRNA to produce protein Start of every protein is an 'met' amino After binding in P and A, tRNA for P is ejected and everything shifts over from A to P and a new codon enters to A This cycle repeats, tRNA ejected form P, A moves to P and protein continues to grow cycle over when Stop codon reached at end of mRNA sequence Modification in enoplasmic reticulum or golgi apparatus  Recombination combining of DNA from two sources 1/2 from mom + 1/2 from dad Repair fix defects prevent mutations Replication duplication of DNA in Somatic Cells Mitosis in Reproductive Cells Meiosis

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