|
DNA
Protein Synthesis
Transcription
in nucleus
process of making RNA
using RNA Polymerase
mRNA created
RNAP2
tRNA created
by RNAP3
rRNA created
RNAP1
code in nucleolus
leave to cytosol to create combine and create a ribosome
two parts
small subunits (of rRNA)
large subunits (of rRNA)
two indentations in ribosome
P
exposes codon first
A
spliceosome
cuts outÂ
introns
unusable codes
leaves only
exons
the usable codes
additional code added to start and end of mRNA before leaving nucleus
post-transcriptional modification
Translation
in cytosol
at Ribosome
mRNA brings sequence for translation
tRNA
Structured like a + sign
At one side connects to Amino Acid
Other Side is anticodon to match to a codon on mRNA
anticodon bonds to mRNA codon
Amino acids form covalent bonds at other side to neighboring Amino Acids on tRNAs already bound to mRNA
rRNA serves as platform to expose codons one at a time for tRNA to attach to mRNA to produce protein
Start of every protein is an 'met' amino
After binding in P and A, tRNA for P is ejected and everything shifts over from A to P and a new codon enters to A
This cycle repeats, tRNA ejected form P, A moves to P and protein continues to grow
cycle over when Stop codon reached at end of mRNA sequence
Modification
in enoplasmic reticulum or golgi apparatusÂ
Recombination
combining of DNA from two sources
1/2 from mom + 1/2 from dad
Repair
fix defects
prevent mutations
Replication
duplication of DNA
in Somatic Cells
Mitosis
in Reproductive Cells
Meiosis | 
